Synthetic Substitutes

Many movies featuring cyborgs remind us of partial or complete body replacement. In reality, humans can also possess both biological and artificial parts through implantation of man-made devices. Due to organ scarcity, natural organs are being replaced by electrical, mechanical, or robotic structures. However, their success stories are with varying degrees. Because of this tormenting scenario, scientists are encouraged to take endless steps to create the most durable and dependable synthetic organs which will redeem natural lungs, liver, pancreas, eyes, ears, limbs, and heart.


The body is an extraordinary piece of biological machinery. The organs comprising a human are all vital. If organ replacement becomes necessary, synthetic organs can take the place of biological structures. With this, organ shortage would never be a problem in extending and enhancing the quality of life.  The race is on for these mimicking organs. Let’s see what’s in store for the future.

PATHOGENS: INVISIBLE INVADERS

The naked eye cannot see microscopic bacteria, but they are all around us…in the air, in water, on objects. Some bacteria cause no harm to humans. However, they can become pathogens once they invade a normally sterile part of their host.

Microbial pathogens cause certain disease by producing chemicals or inhibiting the normal function of cells. Bacteria can use their special cell anatomy and chemical components to protect themselves from the human body’s lines of defenses. Bacteria have the ability to produce toxins. They can also attach themselves to tissues while multiplying in number. Other bacteria can even overcome their host’s defense system.

In contrast to microbes’ simplicity, forming complex ecological interactions is not burdensome. They can be involved in symbiotic relationships such as parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, and even predation. In fact, some bacterial   species can kill and digest other microorganisms.

While there are numerous medicines and treatment available to combat these invisible invaders, they can mutate and develop strong antibiotic resistance. To doctors, scientists, and researchers, the battle against body pathogens is a never-ending process of evolution and change.